Glossary


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 * **Action-to-action:** a type of moment change between comic frames featuring a single subject, the audience can tell that an action took place from frame 1 to frame 2.


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 * **Comic Book: The generic and most common term for the individual issues of a particular series, and the format in which they are presented: "Traditionally, a comic book was a stapled, magazinelike product that told a serialized story or anthologized many stories over a period of months and years. The term has evolved to describe any **format **that uses the combination of words and pictures to convey a story, and thus is accurate when applied to both the medium itself //and// the** periodical **form. As a result, all** graphic novels **are comic books, but not all comic books are graphic novels."[1**


 * **Colorist:** The role of the colorist is to add color to the artwork, either by hand or on computer. Historically, the colorist (and the inker) would work directly on the original artwork, but modern advances mean that the coloring (and sometimes inking) is now done digitally on a computer, and hence can be refined and changed with comparative ease.
 * **Copyright:** the exclusive right to make copies, license, and otherwise exploit a literary, musical, or artistic work, whether printed, audio, video, etc.: works granted such right by law on or after January 1, 1978, are protected for the lifetime of the author or creator and for a period of 50 years after his or her death.


 * **Closure**: The ability of recognizing things and see things that’s incomplete as a whole. In comics and other mass media such as cartoons and movies, some images are focused to only a certain part of something, such as the top of one's head, a part of a car and etc. But our brain have the ability to perceive something like this as the whole object, “we depend on closure in an incomplete world.”


 * **Culture Jamming:** Exploiting elements of media form and genre to express ideas, ideologies and perspectives otherwise underrepresented. Usually with ironic and humourous twist.


 * **Concepts in Persuation:** Central and peripheral processing, The use of heuristics in processing, Latitudes of acceptance and rejection, Source characteristics, Receiver characteristics


 * __D__**
 * **Demassification:** Rise of the postmodern / postindustrial / information age. Individuals and localized communities reemerge and gain in importance. Media as tools of creation and expression, not simply passive channels of reception. (from lecture note)

__**E**__ > Also realized power of computing in storage and processing, leaving us available to do what we do best - association, linking, pattern creation > ARPANet – decentralized network to facilitate communication in military-industrial complex – decentralized. > Corporate integrity and openness, Play and entertainment in work, education and social life, Collaborative, relationship building approaches, Speed is of the essence, Interest in and capacity for innovation
 * **Early conceptualization:** Vannevar Bush (1945) - conceptualization of a vast information store (“memex”) to harness world’s knowledge
 * **Eight Norms of Gen Y** - Freedom of choice and expression, Eager to customize and personalize, Scrutiny of decisions made – demanding and discerning,


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 * **Frame:** One of the 5 representations in Comics. It is the elements, positions, sense of place created in a comic.
 * **Four Forces:** This refers to, enhancement (positive change, amplification), retrieval (recovery of past forces), reversal (new or resurgent challenges jeopardizing new media) and obscelence (erosion of older values/forces).

__**G**__
 * **Graphic Novel:** The term "Graphic novel" (simply put a novel conveyed in pictures) is: "Used to describe the specific format of a **comic book** that has greater production values and longer narrative."


 * **Gutter:** The area that is in between the boarders of a panel. This space used for an indicator of closure.

__**H**__

__**I**__
 * **Image Specific:** Where picture is dominant and the word is just there to fill in a little space, but the picture alone can already tell the story.


 * **Icon:** any image, word, or symbol that is used to represent a person, place, thing or idea in comics
 * [|Internet]: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.

__**K**__

__**L**__
 * **Language of New Media:** coined by Manovich. Distilling the core essence of new media into 8 propositions.


 * **Letterer**: The role of the letterer is usually separate to the role of **writer** and (all individuals under the catch-all term of) **artist**, and refers to "[t]he individual who places **word balloons** and **captions** on the finished artwork and fills them with words based on the script."[4] Typically this is the last stage in a comic book's production, although the letterer may liaise with the artist initially to make sure there will be space to fit the **speech bubbles** into the artwork without obscuring too much/any of it.

__**M**__
 * [|McLuhan, Marshall]: McLuhan is known for the expressions "[|the medium is the message]" and "[|global village]". McLuhan was a fixture in media discourse from the late 1960s to his death and he continues to be an influential and controversial figure.


 * **Microblogging:** A new form of blogging where users can send brief text updates/messages to their followers. Twitter is an example of a microblogging service.


 * **Moment-to-moment :** A type of moment change within comic frames/panels, it requires "very little closure" as you can tell that there is very little shift in time from " frame 1 to frame 2 or point A to point B ".


 * **Mass Media:** A society made up of centralized power structures. There are more followers than there are leaders. Specialization and division of labor in work force.

__**N**__

__**O**__

__**P**__
 * **Panel:** An individual frame or drawing in a comic's sequence. Acts as a general indicator that time or space is being divided - though this is defined more through the panel's contents than the panel itself.


 * **Penciler:** "A penciler does the initial work of laying out the page based on the script. He or she creates each panel, places the figures and settings in the panels, etc.


 * **Public Media:** Society comprised of localized cultural practices with a horizontal power structure. Equal ratio of leaders and followers.


 * __Q__**

__**R**__


 * **Reductionism: T**he practice of simplifying a complex idea, issue, condition, or the like, esp. to the point of minimizing, obscuring, or distorting it.

__**S**__
 * **Scene-to-scene**: A type of transition between comic frames, the viewer can tell that there is a transition going on between each frame which travels in distance, time and space. E.g.: 10 years later, or moving from China to outer space". We as readers put these together, we are able to automatically recognize these transitions.

__**T**__
 * **Trade Paperback:** A comic book trade paperback is a squarebound edition that collects and reprints a mini-series, maxi-series, or story arc in this sturdier format, giving readers a complete story at one time rather than over a period of months. Sometimes a trade paperback may collect stories that are not interconnected but rather are related by some theme. Many trade paperbacks also contain additional material, such as an introduction or foreword, interview, or character sketches.

__**U**__
 * **Universality:**
 * 1. || the character or state of being universal; existence or prevalence everywhere. ||
 * 2. || relation, extension, or applicability to all. ||
 * 3. || universal character or range of knowledge, interests, etc. ||


 * __V__**


 * Viral Videos:** videos that become popular through the process of internet sharing typically in media sharing websites.


 * __W__**
 * Web Comic: Any comic book designed for viewing on the internet. Although this is a very broad term, most webcomics fall into a certain format of comic very similar to the comic strips found in the newspaper.

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